Mr. A. is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis while Mr. B. is diagnosed with metabolic alkalosis. How would the physiological characteristics, causes, and compensations differ in each of these patients?
There is a difference between metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis.
Metabolic acidosis is an acid-base
imbalance defined by an excessive buildup of organic acids in the body and is brought on by aberrant metabolic
processes. Metabolic alkalosis, on the other hand, is an acid-base imbalance brought on by the loss of extra H+,
which results in a rise in HCO3- concentration.
In metabolic acidosis, the body's pH is reduced because of either an increase in serum hydrogen ions or a decrease in serum bicarbonate concentration. The pH of the body is less than 7.35. Acute and chronic metabolic acidosis are two distinct types of metabolic acidosis. Rapid and shallow breathing, confusion, exhaustion, headaches, sleepiness, loss of appetite, jaundice, elevated heart rate are symptoms of these conditions. Sodium bicarbonate may be administered orally or intravenously as treatment. The pH of our blood, drugs to widen our airways, continuous positive airway pressure, sodium citrate to treat renal failure, insulin, or intravenous fluid to treat ketoacidosis are all examples of treatments
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis include - Lactic acid: In some aberrant circumstances, such as circulatory shock, the production of lactic acid during anaerobic glycolysis rises. Ketoacids: In diabetes mellitus, a lack of insulin causes an increase in the level of Ketoacids. Due to a shortage of insulin, glucose is not used in diabetes mellitus. Thus, lipids are used to release energy, which causes an excess of acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxybutyric acid to be produced. Uric Acid: Due to a failure in elimination, the body's uric acid levels rise. The kidneys typically eliminate uric acid. However, the kidneys are unable to eliminate uric acid in cases of renal disorders.
The acid-base imbalance brought on by the loss of extra H+ and subsequent rise in HCO3- concentration is known as metabolic alkalosis. Some endocrine abnormalities, renal tubular disorders, result in metabolic problems that induce H+ loss. The body's pH and HCO3 levels rise, causing metabolic alkalosis. Some of the circumstances in which too much H+ is lost and the amount of HCO3 rises, causing metabolic alkalosis.
When there occurs metabolic alkalosis, the body's pH is raised because of either a rise in serum bicarbonate concentration or a fall in serum hydrogen ion concentration. The body's pH exceeds seven 7.35. The symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, edema in the lower legs, agitation, confusion, and seizures. Several types of metabolic alkalosis include chloride, responsive, and resistant metabolic alkalosis. Saline infusion, potassium and magnesium replenishment, chloride, and hydrochloride acid infusion, ceasing the use of large dosages of diuretics, and saline infusion are all treatments for metabolic alkalosis.
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis- Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by consuming an excessive number of certain medications or supplements such as: Antacids, which often contain the chemical sodium bicarbonate, Baking soda, Diuretics or water pills, Certain laxatives, and Steroids. The Barter syndrome, Gitelmann syndrome, Liddle syndrome, reversible aldosteronism treated with glucocorticoids, and apparent mineralocorticoid excess are five hereditary illnesses that can lead to metabolic alkalosis
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